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Alvin Karpis
Alvin Francis Karpis (born Albin Francis Karpowicz; August 10, 1907 – August 26, 1979), a Depression-era gangster nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, was a Canadian born (naturalized American) criminal of Lithuanian descent known for being one of the three leaders of the Barker-Karpis gang in the 1930s. He was the last "Public Enemy #1" to be taken. He also spent the longest time as a federal prisoner in Alcatraz Prison, serving twenty-six years.
==Early life==
Karpis was born to Lithuanian immigrants〔John Dillinger slept here: a crooks' tour of crime and corruption in St. Paul, 1920-1936; 1995; p.362〕 named John and Anna Karpowicz in Montreal, Quebec and was raised in Topeka, Kansas.〔Bryan Burrough (2004). ''Public Enemies''. New York.〕 He started in crime at about age 10, selling pornography and running around with gamblers, bootleggers, and pimps. In 1926, he was sentenced to 10 years at the State Industrial Reformatory in Hutchinson, Kansas for an attempted burglary. He escaped with another inmate Lawrence De Vol and went on a year-long crime spree, interrupted briefly while he lived with his parents after De Vol was arrested. After moving to Kansas City, Missouri, he was caught stealing a car and sent back to the Reformatory. Transferred to the Kansas State Penitentiary in Lansing, he met Fred Barker, who was in prison for bank burglary. Barker was one of the notorious members of the "Bloody Barkers", as the newspapers of the time had called them. The Barker family included the brothers Herman, Lloyd, Arthur or "Doc", and Fred, the sons of Ma Barker. Growing up impoverished in a sharecropping family, all the boys (unlike most sharecropper children) soon turned into hardened criminals, robbing banks and killing without provocation. Doc was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1920 after murdering a night watchman. Herman committed suicide on August 29, 1927, after being badly injured in a shootout with police in Wichita, Kansas following the robbery of the Newton Ice Plant in Newton, Kansas with Charles Stalcup and Porter Meeks. Lloyd was sentenced to 25 years in 1922, for mail theft and released in 1938; he was a US Army cook at a POW camp and then was murdered by his wife in 1949. Ma did her part to help her sons. "Ma" Barker was not herself a criminal, but did nevertheless badger parole boards, wardens, and governors for the release of her boys when they were incarcerated. After Alvin was released in 1931, he joined up with Fred Barker in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and they soon put together the Karpis-Barker gang.〔FBI Barker-Karpis gang summary, p.4〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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